Adiponectin is a hormone produced by fat cells (adipose tissue) that plays a role in regulating blood sugar and the breakdown of fats. This test measures the amount of adiponectin in the blood. Levels tend to be lower in people with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and certain cardiovascular conditions, and higher in leaner individuals. This test is used to help assess factors related to metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular risk. It is sometimes ordered as part of research or specialized evaluations of conditions such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. It is not a routine screening test.